What is Transformer ?
Transformer is a static device which transforms electrical energy from one circuit to another without changing its frequency with different voltage level.
Types of Transformers
Step-Down Transformer : - In a step-down transformer secondary windings are fewer than the primary windings. In other words, the transformer’s secondary voltage is less than the primary voltage.
- So, the transformer is designed to convert high-voltage, low-current power into a low-voltage, high current power.
- Step-down transformers are mostly used in domestic consumption to convert the 220 volts electricity to the 110 volts / 5 volts required in most domestic equipment.
Step-up Transformer :
- In a step-up transformer there are many turns on the secondary winding than in the primary winding.
- Thus, the voltage supplied in the secondary transformer is greater than the one supplied across the primary winding.
- Because of the principle of conservation of energy, the transformer converts low voltage, high-current to high voltage-low current. In other words, the voltage has been stepped up.
- You can find step-up transformers in applications such as x-ray machine which requires about 50,000 volts to work.
- Even a micro-wave oven requires a small step-up transformer to operate.
How Transformer Works : It depends upon Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. According to Faraday's laws," Rate of change of flux linkage with respect to time is directly proportional to the induced EMF in a conductor or coil ".
Main Parts Of Transformer
Primary Winding : It produces magnetic flux when it is connected to electrical source.
Magnetic Core : The magnetic flux produced by the primary winding, that will pass through this low reluctance path linked with secondary winding and create a closed magnetic circuit.
Secondary Winding : The flux, produced by primary winding, passes through the core, will link with the secondary winding. This winding also wounds on the same core and gives the desired output of the transformer.